Which of the following actions compromise cyber security?

Indicators of Compromise Explained An Indicator of Compromise (IOC) is a piece of Investigators can gather indicators of compromise manually after noticing suspicious activity or automatically as part of the organization’s cybersecurity monitoring capabilities. This information can be used to help mitigate an in-progress attack or remediate an existing security incident, as well as create “smarter” tools that can detect and quarantine suspicious files in the future. Unfortunately, IOC monitoring is reactive in nature, which means that if an organization finds an indicator, it is almost certain that they have already been compromised. That said, if the event is in-progress, the quick detection of an IOC could help contain attacks earlier in the attack lifecycle, thus limiting their impact to the business. As cyber criminals become more sophisticated, indicators of compromise have become more difficult to detect. The most common IOCs—such as an md5 hash, C2 domain or hardcoded IP address, registry key and filename—are constantly changing, which makes detection more difficult. How to Identify Indicators of Compromise When an organization is an attack target or victim, the cybercriminal will leave traces of their activity in the system and log files. The threat hunting team will gather this digital forensic data from these files and systems to determine if a security threat or data breach has occurred or is in-process. Identifying IOCs is a job handled almost exclusively by tr...

Summary. Cybersecurity has expanded far beyond its traditional domain of external threats, typified by external hackers attacking network vulnerabilities. It now includes insider threats, which are much more complex and difficult to manage. The nature of insider threats can be categorized into malicious, accidental, or negligent, and account for a combined 39% of all data breaches according to recent research. But by employing a modern breed of analytics that enables organizations to analyze documents for sensitive content, review user actions, and track the flow of data across the enterprise, cybersecurity stakeholders can now identify many common indicators of negligent or malicious activity, including accessing, moving, or deleting large volumes of sensitive content; inappropriately creating, storing, or sending sensitive content; or expressing extreme negative sentiment towards the organization in messages. Increasingly, technology and improved practices can help you identify those employees who are most at risk of exposing your company to a cyberattack – before it becomes a major problem. When poet Alexander Pope first said Today, cybersecurity has expanded far beyond its traditional domain of external threats, typified by external hackers attacking network vulnerabilities. It now includes insider threats, which are much more complex and difficult to manage, as evidenced by some very serious recent insider breaches, such as those involving With employee behavior playi...

Author: KirstenS Contributor(s): Dave Wichers, Davisnw, Paul Petefish, Adar Weidman, Michael Brooks, Ahsan Mir, Dc, D0ubl3 h3lix, Jim Manico, Robert Gilbert, Tgondrom, Pawel Krawczyk, Brandt, A V Minhaz, Kevin Lorenzo, Andrew Smith, Christina Schelin, Ari Elias-Bachrach, Sarciszewski, kingthorin, Ben Spatafora, Krishna Madala Overview Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which they’re currently authenticated. With a little help of social engineering (such as sending a link via email or chat), an attacker may trick the users of a web application into executing actions of the attacker’s choosing. If the victim is a normal user, a successful CSRF attack can force the user to perform state changing requests like transferring funds, changing their email address, and so forth. If the victim is an administrative account, CSRF can compromise the entire web application. Related Security Activities How to Review Code for CSRF Vulnerabilities See the How to Test for CSRF Vulnerabilities See the How to Prevent CSRF Vulnerabilities See the Listen to the Most frameworks have built-in CSRF support such as Use John Melton also has an Description CSRF is an attack that tricks the victim into submitting a malicious request. It inherits the identity and privileges of the victim to perform an undesired function on the victim’s behalf (though note that this is not true of login CSRF, a special form of the att...

What is the CIA triad? The CIA triad components, defined The CIA triad is a widely used information security model that can guide an organization's efforts and policies aimed at keeping its data secure. The model has nothing to do with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency; rather, the initials stand for the three principles on which infosec rests: • Confidentiality: Only authorized users and processes should be able to access or modify data • Integrity: Data should be maintained in a correct state and nobody should be able to improperly modify it, either accidentally or maliciously • Availability: Authorized users should be able to access data whenever they need to do so These three principles are obviously top of mind for any infosec professional. But considering them as a triad forces security pros to do the tough work of thinking about how they overlap and can sometimes be in opposition to one another, which can help in establishing priorities in the implementation of security policies. We'll discuss each of these principles in more detail in a moment, but first let's talk about the origins and importance of the triad. Who created the CIA triad, and when? Unlike many foundational concepts in infosec, the CIA triad doesn't seem to have a single creator or proponent; rather, it emerged over time as an article of wisdom among information security pros. Ben Miller, a VP at cybersecurity firm Dragos, traces back It's also not entirely clear when the three concepts began to b...

The Cyber Kill Chain: The Seven Steps of a Cyberattack The Cyber Kill Chain framework, developed by Lockheed Martin (2022), explains how attackers move through networks to identify vulnerabilities that they can then exploit. Attackers use the steps in the Cyber Kill Chain when conducting offensive operations in cyberspace against their targets. If you’re responsible for defending a network, this model can help you understand the stages of a cyberattack and the measures you can take to prevent or intercept each step. The Cyber Kill Chain is divided into seven stages: reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command and control (C2), and actions on objectives. This article describes what each of these steps entails, including the preventive measures that network defenders can take in each stage. You’ll also learn how EC-Council’s 1. Reconnaissance Reconnaissance is the first stage in the Cyber Kill Chain and involves researching potential targets before carrying out any penetration testing. The reconnaissance stage may include identifying potential targets, finding their vulnerabilities, discovering which third parties are connected to them (and what data they can access), and exploring existing entry points as well as finding new ones. Reconnaissance can take place both online and offline. 2. Weaponization The weaponization stage of the Cyber Kill Chain occurs after reconnaissance has taken place and the attacker has discovered all necessary info...

Summary. Cybersecurity has expanded far beyond its traditional domain of external threats, typified by external hackers attacking network vulnerabilities. It now includes insider threats, which are much more complex and difficult to manage. The nature of insider threats can be categorized into malicious, accidental, or negligent, and account for a combined 39% of all data breaches according to recent research. But by employing a modern breed of analytics that enables organizations to analyze documents for sensitive content, review user actions, and track the flow of data across the enterprise, cybersecurity stakeholders can now identify many common indicators of negligent or malicious activity, including accessing, moving, or deleting large volumes of sensitive content; inappropriately creating, storing, or sending sensitive content; or expressing extreme negative sentiment towards the organization in messages. Increasingly, technology and improved practices can help you identify those employees who are most at risk of exposing your company to a cyberattack – before it becomes a major problem. When poet Alexander Pope first said Today, cybersecurity has expanded far beyond its traditional domain of external threats, typified by external hackers attacking network vulnerabilities. It now includes insider threats, which are much more complex and difficult to manage, as evidenced by some very serious recent insider breaches, such as those involving With employee behavior playi...

The Cyber Kill Chain: The Seven Steps of a Cyberattack The Cyber Kill Chain framework, developed by Lockheed Martin (2022), explains how attackers move through networks to identify vulnerabilities that they can then exploit. Attackers use the steps in the Cyber Kill Chain when conducting offensive operations in cyberspace against their targets. If you’re responsible for defending a network, this model can help you understand the stages of a cyberattack and the measures you can take to prevent or intercept each step. The Cyber Kill Chain is divided into seven stages: reconnaissance, weaponization, delivery, exploitation, installation, command and control (C2), and actions on objectives. This article describes what each of these steps entails, including the preventive measures that network defenders can take in each stage. You’ll also learn how EC-Council’s 1. Reconnaissance Reconnaissance is the first stage in the Cyber Kill Chain and involves researching potential targets before carrying out any penetration testing. The reconnaissance stage may include identifying potential targets, finding their vulnerabilities, discovering which third parties are connected to them (and what data they can access), and exploring existing entry points as well as finding new ones. Reconnaissance can take place both online and offline. 2. Weaponization The weaponization stage of the Cyber Kill Chain occurs after reconnaissance has taken place and the attacker has discovered all necessary info...

What is the CIA triad? The CIA triad components, defined The CIA triad is a widely used information security model that can guide an organization's efforts and policies aimed at keeping its data secure. The model has nothing to do with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency; rather, the initials stand for the three principles on which infosec rests: • Confidentiality: Only authorized users and processes should be able to access or modify data • Integrity: Data should be maintained in a correct state and nobody should be able to improperly modify it, either accidentally or maliciously • Availability: Authorized users should be able to access data whenever they need to do so These three principles are obviously top of mind for any infosec professional. But considering them as a triad forces security pros to do the tough work of thinking about how they overlap and can sometimes be in opposition to one another, which can help in establishing priorities in the implementation of security policies. We'll discuss each of these principles in more detail in a moment, but first let's talk about the origins and importance of the triad. Who created the CIA triad, and when? Unlike many foundational concepts in infosec, the CIA triad doesn't seem to have a single creator or proponent; rather, it emerged over time as an article of wisdom among information security pros. Ben Miller, a VP at cybersecurity firm Dragos, traces back It's also not entirely clear when the three concepts began to b...

Author: KirstenS Contributor(s): Dave Wichers, Davisnw, Paul Petefish, Adar Weidman, Michael Brooks, Ahsan Mir, Dc, D0ubl3 h3lix, Jim Manico, Robert Gilbert, Tgondrom, Pawel Krawczyk, Brandt, A V Minhaz, Kevin Lorenzo, Andrew Smith, Christina Schelin, Ari Elias-Bachrach, Sarciszewski, kingthorin, Ben Spatafora, Krishna Madala Overview Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that forces an end user to execute unwanted actions on a web application in which they’re currently authenticated. With a little help of social engineering (such as sending a link via email or chat), an attacker may trick the users of a web application into executing actions of the attacker’s choosing. If the victim is a normal user, a successful CSRF attack can force the user to perform state changing requests like transferring funds, changing their email address, and so forth. If the victim is an administrative account, CSRF can compromise the entire web application. Related Security Activities How to Review Code for CSRF Vulnerabilities See the How to Test for CSRF Vulnerabilities See the How to Prevent CSRF Vulnerabilities See the Listen to the Most frameworks have built-in CSRF support such as Use John Melton also has an Description CSRF is an attack that tricks the victim into submitting a malicious request. It inherits the identity and privileges of the victim to perform an undesired function on the victim’s behalf (though note that this is not true of login CSRF, a special form of the att...

Indicators of Compromise Explained An Indicator of Compromise (IOC) is a piece of Investigators can gather indicators of compromise manually after noticing suspicious activity or automatically as part of the organization’s cybersecurity monitoring capabilities. This information can be used to help mitigate an in-progress attack or remediate an existing security incident, as well as create “smarter” tools that can detect and quarantine suspicious files in the future. Unfortunately, IOC monitoring is reactive in nature, which means that if an organization finds an indicator, it is almost certain that they have already been compromised. That said, if the event is in-progress, the quick detection of an IOC could help contain attacks earlier in the attack lifecycle, thus limiting their impact to the business. As cyber criminals become more sophisticated, indicators of compromise have become more difficult to detect. The most common IOCs—such as an md5 hash, C2 domain or hardcoded IP address, registry key and filename—are constantly changing, which makes detection more difficult. How to Identify Indicators of Compromise When an organization is an attack target or victim, the cybercriminal will leave traces of their activity in the system and log files. The threat hunting team will gather this digital forensic data from these files and systems to determine if a security threat or data breach has occurred or is in-process. Identifying IOCs is a job handled almost exclusively by tr...